Endotracheal Tubes | Premature Baby NICU Guide

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Premature Baby NICU Guide

May 28th, 2011 |

Author Endotracheal Tubes

Premature Baby NICU Guide

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Home Page > Home and Family > Babies > Premature Baby NICU Guide

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Premature Baby NICU Guide

By: Sue of Prem2Pram
Posted: Jan 04, 2011

Going into labour early and giving birth to a premature baby can be a frightening. Then when visiting your baby in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for the first timer you are likely to be confronted with numerous machines, which your baby maybe attached to, and that you have no idea what they are for.

Below is a guide to the equipment you may find in the NICU, hopefully this will answer any questions you may have and help put your mind at ease.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
The NICU is a medically equipped unit designed to take care of premature and ill babies. Your premature baby will be cared for care by specially trained NICU staff.

Radiant Warmer
A Radiant Warmer is a unit, which has a mattress inside for your baby to lie on and heater overhead. Newborn babies need help to regulate their body temperature, this is even more important for a preemie baby. The Radiant Warmer keeps your baby warm and also allows the NICU Staff to access them with ease to monitor and provide medical care. A premature baby is often taken to the NICU in a Radiant Warmer, later they may be transferred into an incubator. Some Radiant Warmers have a lid that can be closed to transform the warmer into an incubator.

Incubator
Once your baby is stable he or she will be moved to an incubator, which is a large Plexiglass box with a mattress inside, these are also known as an Isolette. An Isolette helps your preemie baby maintain their body temperature. Incubator safe premature baby clothes are available from specialist shops.

Pulse Oximeter
A Pulse Oximeter is a device used to measure the amount of oxygen in the baby’s blood. A small probe is placed on a baby’s wrist, finger or foot and held in place with a bandage. The readings from the Pulse Oximeter are displayed on a monitor often along with their respiratory rate, oxygen intake and heart rate. The probe is often placed on the foot of a premature baby; this may be rotated throughout the day to ensure the probe does not damage the baby’s delicate skin.

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Transcutaneous Monitor
A Transcutaneous Monitor measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the baby’s blood. An electrode is placed on the baby’s skin to measure this.

Heart Monitor
A Heart Monitor is used to monitor the baby’s heart rate. A sensor is attached to your baby’s chest and their heart rate is displayed on a monitor, often with a reading from the Pulse Oximeter. If the baby’s heart rate goes up or down too much an alarm will sound to notify the NICU staff.

Monitor Screen
The Monitor Screen is used to display readings from any monitor your baby is attached to. This includes oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate. If any level drops too low or goes too high an alarm will sound and the NICU staff will make any adjustments they need and provide any necessary medical care.

Ventilator
A Ventilator is used to help premature babies with immature lungs breath. The Ventilator helps to regulate the mixture of oxygen, as well as the rate and pressure. A tube called an endotracheal tube is placed in the windpipe allowing the Ventilator to push oxygen into the lungs. Ventilators are programmed to fit each baby’s need; some babies need more help than others. You will find two pieces of equipment attached to the Ventilator; these are the Nitric Oxide Delivery Unit and the High Frequency Oscillator.

Nitric Oxide Delivery Unit
The Nitric Oxide Delivery Unit delivers nitric oxide to the blood vessels around the lungs. This relaxes them and stops them from being damaged.

High-Frequency Oscillator
The High -Frequency Oscillator helps to keep your baby’s lungs open. It shakes the air into the lungs in measured amounts, which stops any damage to the lung tissue.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
The Continuous Positive Airway Pressure is used when a premature baby needs some help breathing. This is often used after a baby has come off the Ventilator but will also be used if the baby needs extra help with their breathing. The CPAP provides a pressurized flow of oxygen rich air to the baby’s lungs; it helps keeps their lungs open and keeps their oxygen level stable. Two small tubes are placed into or just under the baby’s nostrils. The pressure can come from either a bubble CPAP that is a device that uses a column of water or from a ventilator. Suitable CPAP dummies are available from on line premature baby stores.

Oxyhood
An Oxyhood is a plastic hood that is placed over a premature babies head, oxygen rich air is released. This is used for babies who can breathe unaided but need extra oxygen.

Nasal Cannula
A Nasal Cannula is used to blow oxygen rich air into the baby’s lungs. Two small plastic tubes are placed into the baby’s nostrils. This is another method for babies who can breathe unaided but may need extra oxygen.

Intravenous Line (IV)
An Intravenous Line is a very fine line that is used to deliver medication and sometimes food to a premature baby. The line is entered in to vein this can be in the arm, leg, scalp or umbilical cord. The line is attached to a monitor that ensures the right amount of food or medication is being given to the baby.

Feeding Tube
A Feeding Tube is used when a premature baby cannot be fed by either breast or bottle-feeding yet, often because they have difficulty sucking or coordinating their sucking and breathing at the same time. A small tube is passed down the nose or mouth through to the stomach so the liquid can be feed directly into it.

Sue of Prem2Pram – About the Author:

Sue Edmondson is the founder and former owner of Prem2Pram the online premature baby store http://www.prem2pram.co.uk as a mother herself of two premature babies she understands the difficulties parents face when their baby arrives early.

Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/babies-articles/premature-baby-nicu-guide-3968179.html

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Article Tags:
premature baby, cpap, high frequency oscillator, nasal cannula, neonatal intensive care unit, nicu medical equipment, nitric oxide delivery unit, positive airway pressure, premature babies

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summary of the endotracheal tube

May 25th, 2011 |

Author Endotracheal Tubes

summary of the endotracheal tube

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Home Page > Health > Plastic Surgeries > summary of the endotracheal tube

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summary of the endotracheal tube

By: ericfu
Posted: Jun 02, 2010

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SUMMARY OF THE ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a tubular device for insertion into the body of a living being, which device includes means for aligning the axis of the tubular device relative to the internal body structure. With respect to one embodiment of the invention there is provided an endotracheal tube airway device for insertion through a patient’s mouth or nasal passage into the trachea to provide a passage for respiration. The device is comprised of an elongated flexible tube having upper and lower end portions wherein the lower end portion is inserted into the mid-trachea portion below the larynx while the upper end portion remains outside the mouth or nasal passage. An upper inflatable-deflatable cuff fixed above the larynx surrounds a predetermined portion of the posterior round of the tube. The upper cuff is operative when inflated to engage the posterior portion of the pharynx to effect an alignment of the tube relative to the larynx wherein the axis of the tube portion within the larynx is maintained central therto such that the tube is away from the posterior portion thereof. The device includes means for inflating and deflating the upper cuffs.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device as set forth above including a lower inflatable-deflatable cuff spaced from the upper cuff to be positioned a predetermined distance below the larynx. The lower cuff is opoerative upon inflation to sealingly engage the inner wall of the trachea. Means, separate from the upper cuff, are provided for inflating and deflating the lower cuff.

More specifically, the upper cuff and lower cuff are respectively positioned on a tube such that when inserted into the patient, the upper end of the lower cuff would be a few centimeters below the cricoid arch, and a lower end of the upper cuff would be a few centimeters above the arytenoid cartilages. In this respect, the upper cuff which surrounds only a predetermined portion of the posterior round of the tube is therefore positioned in the pharynx. Means for inflating and deflating the respective cuffs are comprised of separate and distinct channels or ducts within the wall of the tube which extend from the cuffs to the upper end portion of the tube. Appropriate fittings connectable to a syringe are provided for inflation and deflation of the cuffs. The lower cuff has an elongated, cylindrical, barrel-like configuration. This configuration effects axial alignment of the lower portion of the tube with the axis of the trachea. The upper cuff is disposed on the posterior side of the flexible tube to inflate toward the back, posterior surface of the pharynx. In this respect, the upper cuff is generally unidirectional in that it inflates away from the tube in one direction toward the posterior of the pharynx. The upper cuff is operative upon inflation to force the tube toward the epiglottis and tongue to position the tube away from the posterior portion of the larynx. A fully inflated upper cuff preferably extends aproximately 2-3 centimeters from the outer circumferential surface of the tube and displaces the tube from the posterior portion of the pharynx accordingly.

An important aspect of the present invention is that the configuration of the upper cuff allows the physician to monitor the position of the tube in relation to the larynx and modify inflation of the cuff accordingly. In this respect, the upper cuff does not completely occupy and seal the passage through the pharynx, and thus the inflation postion, as well as the condition of the larynx, can be monitored by means of flexible fiber optic scopes inserted around the sides of the upper cuff through the mouth or the nose. In another respect, because the upper cuff does not occupy the full extent of the pharyngeal lumen, it allows passage of other tubes alongside, such as a tube through the esophagus into the stomach. This permits other medical procedures to be conducted during intubation.

Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/plastic-surgeries-articles/summary-of-the-endotracheal-tube-2521751.html

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Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Endotracheal tube management

May 25th, 2011 |

Author Endotracheal Tubes

Product Description

The article is excerpted from Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health.
This 5-vol. set provides more than 850 entries covering topics in nursing and allied health written for students and professionals in the field. Alphabetically arranged entries cover topics in body systems and functions, conditions and common diseases, issues and theories, techniques and practices, and devices and equipment. The Encyclopedia covers all major health professions, including nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, respiratory therapy, medical lab technology, emergency medical technology, dental assistance, pharmacology and nutrition. In addition, the set features approximately 400 photographs and illustrations; appendices of related organizations, agencies and associations; and a general index.

Published/Released: November 2001

Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Endotracheal tube management

Posted in Endotracheal Tubes Products |

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